Poets Explore the Theme of Death in Educating for Leisure,...

Structural techniques play a huge role in many poems due to the fact that structure sometimes reflects what is happening in the poem. This can clearly be seen with all the poems, in â€Å"Remember† and â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night† a strict, tight and ridged structure and this helps reinforce the meaning that the poets are trying to portray. With â€Å"Do not go gentle† the structure of the poem in some respects contrasts what is actually happening with Dylan Thomas, with father dying; his head is all over the place but the structure is tight and strict. Villanelles are very traditional strict structures and the message that is portrayed through â€Å"Do not go gentle† contrasts it as it is an untraditional message. In addition to this the†¦show more content†¦Even though it is not evident we could interpret that the mother in the poem is becoming hysterical and agitated and due to the fact that her she needs to â€Å"Carefully par t it†. This is because the child is, as we find out later on, is dying. As for the readers, they are anxious due to the fact that Chinua Achebe slowly â€Å"drip feeds† information to the reader allowing many different interpretations and events to evolve in the readers mind. As for â€Å"E for L† the lack of strict and ridged structure and the quick evolution of the structure in some aspects mimic the thought process of the character within the poem. The character within the poem is psychotic and his mind is â€Å"all over the place† j, on top of that his killing tendencies and his thirst for murder quickly evolves from a fly to a goldfish to a human just like structure quickly evolves. This lack of strict poetic â€Å"structure allows for the poet to get the readers full attention and for them to grasp the reader and get their message about death across in the most effective way possible. Finally In â€Å"The man he killed† and â€Å"Havishamâ⠂¬ Ã¢â‚¬  a cyclical structure is used and this helps reinforce the meaning that the poet is trying to portray. With â€Å"The man he killed† the structure reinforces the dilemma that the character is facing as he has killed a man; his head is all over the place but the structure is tight and traditional and this can be seen with the ABAB rhyme scheme. In addition to this the poemShow MoreRelatedHow do the Poets Explore the Theme of Death in Educating for Leisure, Mother in a Refugee Camp, Do not go Gentle into that Good Night, Remember, T...822 Words   |  4 PagesLanguage plays a crucial role in helping a poet get his point across and this can be seen used be all the poems to help them explore the theme of death with the reader. This includes the formal, brutal and emotive language that Chinua Achebe uses in â€Å"mother in a refugee camp.† This can be seen when Achebe says, â€Å"The air was heavy with odor of diarrhea, of unwashed children with washed out ribs † this is very brutal and the is no holding back with the use of a euphemism or a simile as seen in the otherRead MoreHow do the Poets Explore the Theme of Death in Educating for Leisure, Mother in a Refugee Camp, Do not go Gentle into that Good Night, Remember, T...812 Words   |  4 Pagesbe seen with â€Å"mother in a refugee camp† as the poem overall has a very hopeless and harsh tone and this can be seen when the narrator of the poem say, â€Å"She soon would have to forget† in the context that the death of the child is inevitable and they are hopeless as they cannot defy destiny. This is also harsh as the poet does not cover up death with euphemisms but is very straight forward saying that there is no other choice other than to forget. When it comes to describing the mother it becomes aRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change. 163893 Words   |  656 PagesSolidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress

Depression. Depression Is A Sly Thief That Slips Quietly

Depression Depression is a sly thief that slips quietly and cautiously into people’s lives, robbing them not only of one’s focus, but in extreme cases, one’s time. Depression is an equal opportunity disorder, meaning that it affects anyone regardless of your ethnical background, gender, or age. At first, depression may be evanescent, but eventually one could become so overburdened that one’s life may feel empty and meaningless. Inconsistent to popular belief, not everyone who commits suicide is depressed, however, the majority that do, do so during a severe depressive episode. Depression was initially called melancholia. The earliest accounts of melancholia appeared in ancient Mesopotamian texts in the second millennium B.C. At this†¦show more content†¦While studying twins, scientists have found that there is a powerful genetic influence in depression. Identical twins are three times as possible to have depression than fraternal twins raised in the same environment (All About Depression: Causes, n.d.). This is because fraternal twins only have around fifty percent of the same genes in common. Additionally, identical twins are â€Å"five times more likely to have bipolar disorder† (All About Depression: Causes, n.d.). Alcohol is yet another factor that leads to this disease that claims so many lives each year. Alcohol is a depressant, many know this, but the immediate effects a few drinks can give may feel far from feeling or being depressed. Depressed individuals reach for this drug as a way to numb the emotional pain or thoughts one may experience during a sever depressed episode. As a result, alcohol abuse and depression feed into each other, often making one another worse. Alcohol may seem like a comforting friend, but in reality, it only worsens depressions symptoms. If someone drinks heavily, one could be more prone to act on impulse and make bad decisions, such as self-harm. Drinking to cover the emotional pain will only put one in a downward trajectory of the vicious cycle known as depression. One might think that depression is a single disorder alone, when in fact, there are many different types of depression. The different types of depression are: major

Hinduism Samsara Free Essays

Samsara is a Sanskrit word meaning the endless cycle of birth, life, death, and rebirth that is considered to be experienced by all humans in the Upanishads and in Buddhism. It is the repeated passingof souls through different worlds. Thus, Samsara is commonly known as â€Å"the wheel of life† in Hinduism. We will write a custom essay sample on Hinduism: Samsara or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, Samsara refers to the general, day-to-day struggles and obstacles man experiences throughout life. Samsara exists in many religions like Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism, Vaishnavism, and other related religions. According to these religions, one has a karmic â€Å"account balance† when he or she reaches death that will determine one’s destiny when a person is reborn. In Hinduism, ego-consciousness of the body and the phenomenal world comes from ignorance of one’s true self. This means that through egoism and personal desire, people are creating the basis for their next life or â€Å"future becoming†. The path of Samsara can only be overcome by attaining a sense of selflessness and having one’s soul (atman) follow its own version of Samsara†¦repeatedly reincarnating. Samsara is a very interesting concept to me and I am fascinated by the stories I’ve heard from Buddhist friends of mine. I’ve enjoyed the company of my Buddhist friend,Betty, because I’ve learned so much from her as we both have shared our religions with each other†¦ me being muslim and her being Buddhist. Our religions are completely different from one another so I was very curious to know what she believes and how reincarnation and Samsara play a role in her life. I’ve known Betty for over five years and I never thought of her to be a very religious person because she did not throw her religion at people or talk about it all the time. I ended up finding out that she prayed on a daily basis and she was very strong in her religion as a Buddhist. She was always very relaxed and positive, but the best thing about her is how she naturally helped others with no expectation of anything in return. She is so giving and selfless, and it is very humbling to see the things she does for others. She never tries to convert others when religion is brought up like most people do. She is absolutely beautiful as well, and she has very high morals and values that she lives by. She is just a great person and I would always think back at our friendship and appreciate her so much because she is one of my only friends that has not wronged me. One day Bettytold me that the first time she saw her Buddhist monk she felt like she knew him, but could never figure out where from. He was drawn to her and was very interested in her life. She was flattered by this, but she did not understand why he took such major interest in her. After months of talking, she still could not tell where she knew his familiar face from. As her story went on, I found out that the Buddhist monk finally told her why he was so interested in her personality and the way she lived he life. He told her that she was an angel in the past life that had helped him in a life crisis situation. I was shocked, but at the same time, it made sense considering how great of a person she was and all the beautiful things she did for others. How to cite Hinduism: Samsara, Papers

Social Responsibility And Sustainability †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Social Responsibility And Sustainability? Answer: Introduction The Business Relations, Accountability, Sustainability and Society Center, known as BRASS, in its report History of Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability (2007), states that "The historical backdrop of social and ecological worry about business is as old as exchange and business itself. Business logging operations for instance, together with laws to ensure forest protection, can both be followed back just about 5,000 years. In Ancient Mesopotamia around 1700 BC, King Hammurabi presented a code in which manufacturers, owners or agriculturists were killed if their carelessness caused anyone to lose their life, or significant harm to the local fellows ". Corporate Social Responsibility is an administration idea whereby organizations coordinate social and natural problems in their business operations and associations with their partners. CSR is by and large comprehended similar to the path through which an organization accomplishes a balance of economic, natural and social objectives, while in the meantime also try to fulfill the desires of investors and partners. In this sense it is imperative to draw a refinement between CSR, which can be a vital business administration idea, and philanthropy, sponsorships or generosity (Dudovskiy, 2012). Literature Review The ascent of the idea of Corporate Social Responsibility amid the previous decades came about to the nonstop open deliberation about the correct significance of the term. The main for the most part acknowledged view about the term CSR is that is an idea which covers a few angles. Frankental (2001), remarks that "CSR is an ambiguous and elusive term which can mean anything to anyone, and in this manner is adequately without significance" (Jamali, 2008). Castka, Bamber, Bamber and Sharp (2004) contend that "there is no single legitimate meaning of CSR. The CSR idea is by all accounts an approximately characterized umbrella grasping an immense number of ideas customarily surrounded as natural concerns, feasible advancement advertising, corporate generosity, human asset administration and group relations" (Mahdavi Moore, 2007). Amid the examination of different literary works it can be seen that there is not a solitary by and large acknowledged definition, albeit many creators and overall foundations characterized the term CSR in comparative ways (Post, 2017). The main scholastically acknowledged meaning of CSR can be found in the book 'Social Responsibilities of the Businessman', composed by Howard Bowen in 1953. Bowen characterizes CSR as "a commitment to seek after those approaches, to settle on those choices, or to take after those lines of activity that are attractive regarding the destinations and estimations of our general public" . Carroll (2004) contends that "the social obligation of organizations includes the financial, lawful, moral, and optional (generous) desires that society has of associations at a given point in time", while Buhmann (2006) basically characterizes CSR as "accomplishing more than what is required by law". Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (2005), characterize CSR as "the routes in which an association surpasses its base commitments to partners determined through control" (Lindgreen Swaen, 2009). The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) characterizes CSR as "the proceeding with duty by business to act morally and add to monetary advancement while enhancing the personal satisfaction of the workforce and their families and in addition the neighborhood group and society everywhere" (refered to in Castka et al., 2004). At long last, the globally known law office Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer in the report 'The Development and Impact of CSR on the Construction Industry' (2006), characterizes CSR as "the deliberate mix of natural, social and human rights contemplations into business operations, well beyond lawful necessities and legally binding commitments". To finish up, it can be obviously observed that the pattern of the above definitions is the volunteering commitment that the associations must have over their representatives and their families, the earth and the overall population which some of the time may go beyond their legitimate prerequisites (Chande, 2014). Layers of CSR Carroll (1991) recommends that there are four sort of social obligations that an association should consider while directing its exercises and those duties constitute add up to CSR. Those four social duties of an association were exhibited into a four-layered pyramid show, called 'The Pyramid of Responsibilities'. The four layers of duties are economic, legal, moral and philanthropic. The base layer and the establishment of the pyramid is the Economic Responsibilities. The business must be beneficial with a specific end goal to keep its investors fulfilled, deliver products and enterprises important to the shoppers and have the capacity to make new occupations and advance development (Hofmeister, 2015). The second layer of obligations is the legal and is tied in with following the law. The organizations ought be benefit driven as well as in the meantime they should regard the laws and controls delivered by government and it is normal that the organizations would keep their monetary exercises inside the structure of the law and pay by the principles of the diversion. The moral obligations are identified with decency and profound quality. The general population's rights and convictions must be regarded, any sort of damage, physical or social, must be evaded and any mischief caused by others must be counteracted. The last layer is the altruistic duties which encourage the organizations to be great corporate subjects. The organizations through their exercises must contribute assets to the group and above all must have the capacity to help to change of the personal satisfaction (Charles, 2017). Carroll put the four layers of duty in a pyramid keeping in mind the end goal to demonstrate the solid association between the four sorts of duties. In the event that a sort of obligation in the pyramid show is truant then the ones above can't be accomplished. Drivers of CSR The present energy behind Corporate Social Responsibility is being constructed in view of an assortment of vital variables. Ernst and Young (2002) say that there are five key drivers which support the expanding business concentrate on CSR. These are: (1) more noteworthy partner consciousness of corporate moral, social and ecological conduct, (2) coordinate partner pressure, (3) speculator pressure, (4) peer pressure and (5) an expanded feeling of social duty (IACC, 2013). Panwar et al. (2006), contend that there are various inspirations that prompt the reception of CSR by the associations. For instance a business is embracing CSR with a specific end goal to meet obligatory lawful prerequisites went for controlling dangerous business hones while another business is utilizing CSR keeping in mind the end goal to expand its profitability and enhance its monetary execution. It is additionally recommended that an organization by utilizing CSR in its practices can enhance useful regions, for example, advertise situating and hazard administration. As per Wood (1991), the idea of CSR is being driven by three noteworthy standards. Initially, organizations are obliged to utilize their energy mindfully since they are most importantly social foundations. Also, the duty regarding the results of the inclusion with general society is upon organizations. Finally, carefulness must be practiced in basic leadership forms by the individual directors who are additionally moral operators. Andriof and McIntosh (2001) trust that the main thrust behind the idea of CSR is the purchasers and representatives. These two classifications are holding the power in the market framework these days. Customers and representatives are currently all around educated about the few difficulties the world needs to face and they don't generally trust that the legislatures can change things. They acknowledge that companies are the most capable social foundations of the present period and above all they will remunerate those enterprises who are receptive to their worries. Benefits of CSR Gildea (1994) and Zaman et al. (1991), worry that exploration has demonstrated that organizations that look after the earth and display great CSR rehearses encounter expanded purchaser buy inclination notwithstanding expanded speculation advance Numerous customers like to purchase for moral business. An overview led by Cone Inc. (2004) demonstrated that 89% of the purchasers have a more positive picture of an item or an organization when it underpins a reason (Performance pH, 2016). The 91% of the shoppers would consider changing to another organization's item or administrations on the off chance that they got some answers concerning an organization's any unlawful or untrustworthy practices. What's more, Muckiewicz (1993) underpins that the notoriety of an association assumes an imperative part as research considers demonstrate that 8 out of 10 shoppers utilize it keeping in mind the end goal to choose which item or administration they will purchase from those that are comparable in cost and quality (Dudovskiy, 2012). A portion of the potential advantages that a business can have from the utilization of CSR practices can incorporate enhanced monetary execution and gainfulness; diminished working costs; long term maintainability for organizations and their representatives; expanded staff responsibility and inclusion; improved ability to enhance; great relations with government and groups; better hazard and emergency administration; upgraded image and brand esteem; and the advancement of nearer interfaces with clients and more noteworthy attention to their necessities. Conclusion To conclude it can be said that, Corporate Social Responsibility is a an acient concept, but has gained a lot of popularity recently. This popularity can be owed greatly to two factors; growing competition in the industry and increasing awareness among people about various economic, environmental and heath issues. The key drivers of CSR can be different for different companies, depending on the nature of the business. The concept has various benefits for the business not only in terms of profitiability but also helps the business to improve its overall brand image in the society. Recommendations Companies should include corporate social responsibility in their strategy with dual midset that is benefitting the company whilst adding value to the society in which the business operates. The organization can to do so by increasing its involvement in the local community that surrounds the businesss. The business should not only engage in the local community, but should additionally support various events occurring in the community whenever there is a hance to. It can become the sponsorer of these events, which will make its image very appealing in the near by prospective customers (London, 2012). Effectively work to create an innovative work enviroment that urges the employees to approach with thoughts regarding how to enhance the corporate social obligation. By including their thoughts and empowering their dynamic cooperation, the business can help to ensure that social obligation is a "day by day driver" in your operations and not only an advertising offering point. At the end of the day, obligation turns out to be a piece of your execution culture (Dudovskiy, 2012). The business needs to understand that the practise of CSR should begin from the top management. The company should not just expect its subordinate employees to practise CSR, but should also encourage this responsibility to its top management. References Chande, A., 2014. Key drivers of Indian corporate social responsibility, Available at: https://www.grantthornton.co.uk/insights/key-drivers-of-corporate-social-responsibility-for-indian-businesses/ Charles, J., 2017. The drivers for CSR, Available at: https://www.alchemyformanagers.co.uk/topics/qVAYdJ9D7U8rPD8a.html Dudovskiy, J., 2012. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Recommendations for Businesses, Available at: https://research-methodology.net/corporate-social-responsibility-csr-recommendations-for-businesses/ Hofmeister, A., 2015. The key drivers behind CSR reporting, Available at: https://info.greenstoneplus.com/blog/key-drivers-behind-csr-reporting IACC, 2013. Business responsibility and CSR insights, Available at: https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-business-responsibility-and-csr-insights/$FILE/EY-business-responsibility-and-csr-insights.pdf Jamali, D., 2008. A Stakeholder Approach to Corporate Social Responsibility: A Fresh Perspective into Theory and Practice. Journal of Business Ethics, 82, pp.21331. Lindgreen, A. Swaen, V., 2009. Corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), pp.1-7. London, G., 2012. Top Five Recommendations To Improve CSR, Available at: https://oceanpublishing.ie/council-review/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2016/10/corporate-social-responsibility-2.pdf Mahdavi, I. Moore, G., 2007. There is so little research done on small business corporate social responsibility. Why? Journal of Academic and Business Ethics, 10, pp.1-6. Performance pH, 2016. 5 Ways to Improve Your Companys Corporate Social Responsibility, Available at: https://www.performph.com/ways-improve-corporate-social-responsibility/ Post, J., 2017. What is Corporate Social Responsibility?, Available at: https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/4679-corporate-social-responsibility.html

The Importance of the Customer Loyalty and the Ways to Increase E

It is possible to determine a lot of factors which can influence the successfulness of the retailer within the market. However, one of the most important factors is the customer loyalty. The market develops according to the principles of the competition. That is why to success in the field of retailing, it is necessary to not only provide the effective services of the highest quality but also concentrate on attracting the customers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of the Customer Loyalty and the Ways to Increase E-loyalty specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this case, the notion of the customer loyalty can be discussed as the influential aspect of the further retailer’s development without paying much to acquiring new customers. The rapid development of the principles of retailing and the active usage of the innovative technologies and the Internet resulted in the fact that today it is possi ble to use the notion of the customer loyalty which became typical for the progress of usual markets for determining the peculiarities of e-commerce. E-commerce develops according to its specific principles, and it is significant to pay attention to emphasizing the ways which can contribute to the increase of e-loyalty. The customer loyalty can be discussed as the constant purchase behavior of those customers who prefer to choose this or that brand and make the regular purchases. The importance of the customer loyalty can be explained with references to the profits which retailers gain while attracting the loyal customers and supporting them in order to reduce their further costs spent on acquiring new customers. The modern market is competitive, and it is important to save the advertising costs and have a lot of loyal customers in order to orient on them in providing the products and services of the high quality. Thus, the main task of the retailers while preserving their profits i s to contribute to the customer’s favorable attitude toward their products (Turban et al., 2010). It is important that the customer loyalty is based on the customer’s trust and knowledge about the company and retailer, and on the fact of the products’ meeting the customer’s requests and needs.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some decades ago these principles worked only in relation to the usual market, and today it is possible to use them also for addressing the issues of e-loyalty. However, it is more effective to determine the specific aspects which can be considered as influential for the increase of e-loyalty. E-commerce has many advantages in relation to the question of e-loyalty in comparison with the development of the usual market. Thus, e-loyalty is associated with such aspects as the low cost structure, the high level of flexibility, the customer’s opportunity to access the extensive product lines, and the low transaction costs. There are several ways of increasing e-loyalty which are the promotion of the website security, the focus on the contact interactivity, the support of the website reputation, and the contribution to the growth of the customer’s trust (Turban et al., 2010). Moreover, it is also useful to provide the customer with the wide choice in order to satisfy his demands and also to pay attention to the convenience of the site. The customer loyalty is the necessary factor of the growth of the retailer within the market. The expansion of the modern tendencies and the progress of e-commerce resulted in the development of the notion of e-loyalty which is based not only on the general principles but also meets the issues of e-commerce. Reference Turban, E., King, D., Lee, J., Liang, T., Turban, D. (2010). Electronic commerce: A managerial perspective. USA: Prentice Hall. This essay on The Importance of the Customer Loyalty and the Ways to Increase E-loyalty was written and submitted by user Deon Perez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Themis, Dike, Justitia and Lady Justice

Themis, Dike, Justitia and Lady Justice The modern image of justice is based on Greco-Roman mythology, but its not a clear one-to-one correspondence. U.S. courts argue against the placement of any version of the 10 Commandments in courtrooms because it might be a violation of the establishment of a (single) state religion, but the establishment clause is not the only problem with putting up the 10 commandments in federal buildings. There are Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish versions of the 10 Commandments, each substantially different. [See 10 Commandments.] Variability is the same problem that is faced when answering the simple question of which ancient goddess the modern version of Lady Justice represents. Theres also a question of whether or not putting up pagan-based images is a violation of the establishment clause, but thats not an issue for me to unravel. In a forum thread about Themis and Justitia, goddesses of Justice, MISSMACKENZIE asks: I mean which did they intend to portray, a Greek or Roman goddess? And BIBACULUS answers: The modern image of Justice is a conflation of various images and iconography over a period of time: the sword and the blindfold being two of the images that would have been alien to antiquity.Here is some information on the Greek and Roman goddesses and personifications of Justice.ThemisThemis was one of the Titans, the children of Uranos (Sky) and Gaia (Earth). In Homer, Themis appears three times where her role, according to Timothy Gantz in Early Greek Myth, is that of imposing some kind of order or control over gatherings.... Sometimes Themis is called the mother of the Moirai and the Horai (Dike [Justice], Eirene [Peace], and Eunomia [Lawful Government]). Themis was either first or second to deliver oracles at Delphi an office she gave over to Apollo. In this role, Themis prophesied that the son of the nymph Thetis would be greater than its father. Until the prophecy, Zeus and Poseidon had been trying to win Thetis, but afterwards, they left her to Peleus, who became the morta l father of the great Greek hero Achilles.Dike and AstraiaDike was the Greek goddess of justice. She was one of the Horai and the daughter of Themis and Zeus. Dike had a valued place in Greek literature. Passages from (www.theoi.com/Kronos/Dike.html) The Theoi Project describe her physically, holding a staff and balance:If some god had been holding level the balance of Dike (Justice).- Greek Lyric IV Bacchylides Frag 5and[Depicted on the chest of Cypselus at Olympia] A beautiful woman is punishing an ugly one, choking her with one hand and with the other striking her with a staff. It is Dike (Justice) who thus treats Adikia (Injustice).- Pausanias 5.18.2Dike is described as almost indistinguishable from Astraea (Astraia) who is depicted with a torch, wings, and Zeus thunderbolts.JustitiaIustitia or Justitia was the Roman personification of justice. She was a virgin living among humans until the wrong-doings of mortals forced her to take flight and become the constellation Virgo, acc ording to the Adkinses in Dictionary of Roman Religion.On a coin depicting Justitia from A.D. 22-23 (www.cstone.net/~jburns/gasvips.htm), she is a regal woman wearing a diadem. In another (/www.beastcoins.com/Deities/AncientDeities.htm), Justitia carries olive twig, patera, and scepter.Lady JusticeThe U.S. Supreme Court website explains some of the images of Lady Justice that adorn Washington D.C.:Lady Justice is a blend of Themis and Iustitia. The blindfold with which Justice is now associated probably started in the 16th century. In some of the Washington D.C. statues, Justice holds scales, blindfolds, and swords. In one representation she is fighting evil with her gaze, although her sword is still sheathed.Besides all the statues of Lady Justice, Themis, and Justitia in courthouses across the U.S. (and world), the much revered Statue of Liberty bears a close resemblance to the ancient goddesses of justice. Even in antiquity the personification of Justice goddesses changed to fit the times or the needs and beliefs of the writers. Is it possible to do the same with the Ten Commandments? Wouldnt it be possible to distill the essence of each commandment and arrive at an order by consensus of some ecumenical council? Or let the different versions exist side by side just as the statues of Justice do in Washington D.C.?Images of Justice

BHS 499 (Senior Capstone Project) Module 3 CBT Essay

BHS 499 (Senior Capstone Project) Module 3 CBT - Essay Example Fraud as defined by the Merriam-Webster Dictionary of Law is "any act, expression, omission, or concealment calculated to deceive another to his or her disadvantage; specifically: a misrepresentation or concealment with reference to some fact material to a transaction that is made with knowledge of its falsity or in reckless disregard of its truth..." The HIPAA or Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 defines it as ''a criminal conspiracy or a violation" to specific provisions indicated in the U.S. Code which pertains to conspiracy relating to a health care benefit program'' 18 U.S.C. x 24(a). Furthermore, fraud is basically considered as an act of misrepresentation or deception designed to acquire something of value held by some other; and the most common forms of fraud among nurses documented by CNO include: falsifying a record; collecting pay under false pretenses; misappropriating property or money through deceptive means; and providing false information to ones employer (Quality Practice, 2003; p 1). Below outlines the managerial, legal, ethical and financial implications brought about by fraudulent and financial abuse in the health care industry. The unnecessary patient treatments that are being ordered, limits the patient's coverage which may be subsequently met prematurely; later, patients may not be able to expend co-payments for gratuitous visits. In addition, false diagnoses for the purpose of up-coding may affect the patient's ability to obtain maintain insurance coverage since the information is available primarily to other potential insurers (Busch, 2007).According the National Health Care Anti-Fraud Association, around $56.7 to $170 billion is the estimated loss annually (Department of Health and Human Services, 2005). Centers for Medicaid & Medicare (2006) expressed that the dollars lost to reimbursement of Medicare and Medicaid as well as intentional improper billing could have been used to fund the health insurance of low-income persons; if they were not acquired or end up in the pockets of the unscrupulous health care suppliers and providers. The Provision 3.5 under the Code of Ethics calls upon that all nurses needs to take appropriate action about any instances of unethical, incompetent, illegal or impaired practice by members of the health care team or any action on the side of others by the health care system which places the best interest of the patient (American Nurses Association, 2001). Fletcher, Sorrell, and Silva (1998) have point out that nurses are frequently called upon to make sacrifices, in their personal as well as professional, ones they adhere strictly to Nurses' Code of Ethics. This code 3 requires nurses' accountability as professionals however fails to acknowledge that the reality is that in the health care system, many nurses have limited power within. Job security for fraud investigators and auditors remains strong. Over the years, it continues to attract the nurses who are ethically challenged. Health care fraud is oftentimes buried within the functions in critical business. In 2006, initiatives were made to implement the development of health information technology infrastructure, in order to improve the

Analysis and Summary of Health Risk information about Abilene Research Paper

Analysis and Summary of Health Risk information about Abilene Community - Research Paper Example From this population, the approximate number of people considered homeless is 625-1,875 per night. This is based on a formulae used by Housing and Urban Development to determine the number of homeless people in an area. Housing and Urban Development uses 0.5%-1.5% of the overall population to determine the number of homeless people. Local homeless population in Abilene has been determined to be around 1000 people. Hope Haven Incorporation confirms that the number of homeless people served and turned away every year is approximately 1000 (AHHI, n.d). Homelessness in Abilene is different from that observed in urban areas considering the living conditions and even the race. According to the National Coalition for the Homeless, in urban areas, most homeless people are African-American males. The definition of homelessness by the federal government and the perception of homelessness by the people also affect the face of homelessness in Abilene. Abilene is a semi-rural city with white sing le males as most of its homeless people. The federal government considers homelessness as lack of regular, fixed and enough night-time residence. Most people have the impression that homelessness is living on the streets or in shelters. In Abilene the homeless are likely to be hidden because it is a semi-rural city. In such areas, homeless people mostly live in make-shift lean-tos, abandoned houses or in automobiles. Under these conditions, the homeless lack water and electricity (Eiserer, n.d). Additionally, homeless people in semi-rural and rural areas are less likely to live in shelters or on the streets. Most of them live with their relatives in substandard or overcrowded housing (Eiserer, n.d). This status increases the number homelessness related diseases, especially when they go unrecognized. It increases the risk of infection and affects control of already existing diseases. Abilene community also has the problem of overcrowding in elementary schools. Abilene has been experi encing increased numbers of student enrolment over the years. This however, has not been accompanied by increased elementary educational facilities leading to overcrowding. Because of overcrowding, AISD has proposed a boundary rezoning that is expected to balance the number of students in different schools. Overcrowding is expected be eased at Jackson elementary school, overcrowding is expected to create more space at Ward Elementary, and increase enrolment at Reagan and Dyess. This rezoning is expected to affect Dyess, Jackson, Ward, Bassetti and Reagan Elementary schools (Powell, 2013). Overcrowding causes health problems both directly and indirectly. It enhances the spread of infectious diseases directly, and causes strain on existing facilities, which then cause various types of health problems and diseases. Community Health Nursing Diagnosis 1 Health Risk: Higher Prevalence or Existence of Homeless Diseases than expected The conditions of the houses that the homeless people liv e in are a contributing factor to their health status. Hope Haven Incorporation indicates that in a year, approximately 1000 homeless people are served or turned away (AHHI, n.d). This could be exclusive of other homeless people who could be living with their relatives, in abandoned houses, make-shift lean-tos and in automobiles among other areas. It means that the number of homeless people that the city planners and charity organizations are aware of could be more than 1000. Homeless people suffer from various diseases such as tooth decay, trauma, respiratory infections, vision disturbances, trauma, sexually transmitted diseases, substance abuse,

The 2004 Elections in USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The 2004 Elections in USA - Essay Example Many issues were raised at this time including alleged obstacles in voter registration, voter suppression, and reliability of the voting machines in question along with racial discrimination. Minor issues like registration offices rejecting forms because they were not printed on a certain type of paper and other major issues like voter eligibility issues, voter suppression - a lot of voters were turned away in trepidation of voting for the opponent etc. In A Note on the Presidential Election in Ohio, Dennis Kucinich said. "Dirty tricks occurred across the state, including phony letters from Boards of Elections telling people that their registration through some Democratic activist groups were invalid and that Kerry voters were to report on Wednesday because of massive voter turnout. Phone calls to voters giving them erroneous polling information were also common" clearly depicting the nefarious activities brimming during the elections. There were other instances like endless lines at voting stations bringing about general discomfort for people trying to get their votes in as the whole time balance went wrong for them. Moreover, road blocks put in place by the police were an enormous hold back for people trying to access certain polling places.

Motivation factors of the Workplace in Thailand

Motivation factors of the Workplace in Thailand This proposal paper will attempt to discuss the view and application of what effects motivation has in the low hierarchical or flat organisation workplaces for the firms or companies doing business in Thailand; small organisations that have less than 50 staffs fit this description. What are the factors that motivate the employee to succeed, is it money, job promotions, perks? Once the findings have been reached, would they be able to apply to similar organisations? With todays fragile economic situations along with fierce competitions in virtually all market places, small size companies need to be able to compete and respond to the ever-changing environment in a much faster pace. To be able to compete effectively, companies need to cut through Red Tapes or bypassing unnecessary bureaucracy and adapt quickly to the ever-changing surroundings in the business environment. In Thailand, there are no differences when it comes to compete and compete fiercely they do. The aim of this proposal is to focus its findings especially on small multinational companies doing business in Thailand. The reason being that multinational companies who are conducting business in Thailand, similar to their subsidiaries in other countries, would like to see their returns on investment and realize their profits on a yearly basis and expecting growth every single year followings. Efficiency is one of the keys for multinational companies to compete effectively. This propo sal will also address how motivation theories are being used to in these organizations where vertical promotions are virtual non-existence. No corporate ladders to climb for most employees. If this fact does not exist, then what motivate employees? The study will focus on the research theories based on Herzbergs Motivation Theory that he and his colleagues wrote about motivation 50 years ago. The study will attempt to design questionnaires to address the question on Hygiene factors as well as the others motivation factors which will be hypothesized on their actual application in the work place in Thailand. One of the hypotheses will focus on monetary compensation factor that it is or it is not the major influence in motivation for such a flat or low level hierarchy organizations [Prendergast, 2002]. This study will be based in Thailand small size multinational companies where there are approximately three levels of the hierarchy and there are less than 50 people working full time. For the purpose of the study, 5 multinational companies will be chosen. Main criteria are: the firm needs to be a  multinational company; they employ less than 50 staff, and that they have no more than three functioning levels in the hierarchy for five years. Moreover, 95% of the employees must be Thai nationals. To solidify the study, companies need to be operating in Thailand for no less than 5 years and that the organisational structure must fit the criteria of equal to or less than three levels. Major objective Productivity, profitability, efficiency are just some of the key drivers that companies are expecting from their oversea staffs and enforce them firmly in order to survive. To be productive and efficient for small size multinational organisations, flatter and less hierarchical levels have been adopted. It cuts down decisions times and increases more action time which suits the small multinational companies profiles. However, this efficiency also has its drawbacks when it comes to job promotion or others traditional motivational factors. With flatter organisation, there are fewer ladders for employees to climb. Which posts another question that job promotion is a major key to motivating people in any organisation? The findings based on this study will help answer some of the questions General Managers, Human Resources Managers or just plain manager/supervisors in many small size multinational companies in Thailand. With that benefit in mind, managers will be able to manage their personnel more effectively, properly and with something to reference with. The findings, however, may offer other benefits to other organisations that themselves are a part of a large organisation that job promotion within the organisation is limited or do not exist; they can apply the findings to their own environment. Further, a large size companies whose hierarchical are quite limited and/or job promotion are scarce, the findings based on this proposed study could benefit the management in those organisations as well. Many managers are seeking the answers to the question of How to keep people motivated in today organisation where good effective people are hard to find and retain. To both apply the motivation at the same time seeking retention, are one of the human resource organisation goals. To get some of these answers, questionnaires based on the Employee Satisfaction Survey (ESS) will be used. This survey is being used by many firms. However, there are many version of ESS. The ESS was first documented by The National Business Research Institute or NBRI [NBRI, 1982]. It is used to gauge the satisfaction of the job of the employee has with the current company, compensation, recognition, relationship, environment, etc [Prendergast, 2002]. The questionnaires in this study will be designed to cover many areas in the organization as possible in an attempt to derive at the answers about what caused motivation and the effect it has to the organization. How would the managers in similar organizations b enefit from the findings? The answer lies in the fact that there are many similar structure of organization although do not engaging in the same business as the firm chosen, however, with the background of the Thai people in this study, the author wish that it can be applied beginning with the people in Thailand. Another objective of this study is to touch on the fact that organisation needs people who are dedicated, intelligence, diligence and productive to grow the company. Is he or she possessing the right backgrounds, has the right educations, does he or she has the proper attitude toward the company, the workplace and the culture? Of course, brief interview with any potential candidate for any job cannot determine the candidate is the right for the job. Job probation concept was designed to filter out the wrong choice employees. Although it is not in the scope of this proposed research, the fact remains that you need to motivate these people first and try to retain the ones the firms want to keep; hoping that might be able to somehow bring those qualities out of the potential candidates [Herzberg, 1987]. Objective The study in this paper will be utilising part of Frederick Herzberg the Hygiene Factor Theory of Motivation as part of the design of the questionnaire. The Survey questions (see sample in Appendix I) are specifically designed to fit the size of the organization and to reflect the needs to find out on whether or not the employees are satisfied with their jobs in general and will also use the results to derive what are the motivation factors the employees in the small, low hierarchical organizations have in common. This will also present an opportunity if the findings can also be applied to other similar in the requirements organisations. Further, based upon the Hygiene Factor of Herzberg motivational theory, the findings will also either to reinforce or challenge his theory? With the results obtained, although limited in size proposed at presence, it does not mean that the study cannot be extended to further the study in the future. The assumption is that mainly the Motivation is the Independent variable. With the right kind of motivation applied, productivities increase. The job itself or the results, the growth of the company becomes Dependent variable. Limitations of the Research This research proposal is focused on small size, multinational companies who has approximately three levels in the current organisation that must be in functioning order for the last 5 years. The sample size is also a limitation of this study since the proposed study call for small size companies that has approximately 50 employees or less. This proposal is also limit to five companies. The total number of employees is 250 employees in approximation. Due to the fact that some of the nature of the companies chosen which contained field personnel who might not be available for the time of the questionnaires is being distributed, hard copies will be used in combination with emails to the individuals. The consolidation of the data will be collected after two weeks of distribution and will be using SPSS Regression method to help calculate the results in a quantitative presentation. In order to get the individuals of these companies cooperate with the study, a formal letter will be written and addressed to the General Managers and/or Human Resources Managers of each firms asking permission to conduct a survey for the research study on what motivation has on their employees. The results of the findings will be made available for the management of the firms to conduct further studies if chosen. Significance of the study The study is design to study what motivation factors employees have in the low hierarchical organization taking into consideration that there are virtually a lesser amount of corporate ladders to climb, in the traditional sense, comparing to the organizations of old. There are numbers of similar size of these companies conducting their businesses in Thailand and more so in the neighboring countries that may benefits from this paper once the findings are presented. In addition to the lesser levels in the current organizations, there are other factors that companies need to prepare themselves in competing equally with others. Companies of this size pride themselves to be lean and effective organizations; also the nature of the multinational companies forces them to be extra efficient while conducting business in other countries. Returns on Investment (ROI) are always on the Senior Management minds, motivating people caused them to be productive, hence generate more profits. One of the requirements that 95% of the employees in each companies need to be Thai nationals, this will present clearer pictures of the motivation factors. One of the assumptions that one of more of the management of these firms is expatriates running the businesses in Thailand. However, due to the limitation of the study that the proposal called for five companies to be conducted, expatriates managers for these firms are not required. Even though this fact will help see the contrast when comparing to Thai nationals management team, this is not a major requirements in this study. Educational backgrounds of the individual employees are not the major factors since some of these firms possess field personnel. However, this is significant since the employees at this level have even less corporate ladders to climb, hence, job promotions with title and responsibilities may not be adequately suit their culture norms for Thai workers. The study will then attempt to focus also that the monetary reward s which will be part of the questionnaires used in the surveys. Once concluded, the findings will be made available to the firms that give permission to conduct the study so they may benefits from the findings. In most of the multinational companies should already have some sort of employee study surveys, however, the one directly related to what effect motivation has to the employees in the low hierarchical organizations may be scarce. Literature Review The paper used in this study was written by Nigel Bassett-Jones, Oxford Brookes Business School, Oxford, UK and Geoffrey C. Lloyd, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka. The paper was published in the Journal of Management Development in 2005. The paper seeks to examine the issue of Herzbergs two-factor motivation theory which will be used as reference theory in this paper. The paper referred to the challenges in today organisation factors such as downsizing led ways to focus on employee empowerment [Bassett-Jones et. al, 2005]. Bassett-Joness paper raised the question about the problem to motivate people to contribute ideas within the context of work-based suggestion schemes [Bassett-Jones et. al, 2005]. With companies experiencing overwhelming changes after World War II, hence the introduction of globalisation and technological development has prompted the innovation in technology and plethora of new ideas [Ilinitch et. al, 1996]. Parolinis work in 1999 has also been cited by Bassett-Jones [2005] that these ongoing progress prompted workforces to continue to improve products, systems and processes to compete fairly. To support Herzbergs view in financial rewards can be viewed negatively, citation by Hiltrop (1995) was used to stress that psychological contract by employers hinders employment continuity and opportunities for career progression [Bassett-Jones, et. al, 2005]. This finding by Hiltrop (1995) will be used as part of the study in this paper to determine whether or not monetary rewards are not the motivation factor in the low hierarchical organisation in Thailand. This paper based on the survey results obtained, study the statement made in Bassett-Jones (2005) paper cited Hiltrop (1995) that based on their contentious proposition, money does not motivate [Bassett-Jones et. al, 2005]. Bassett-Joness [Bassett-Jones, et. al, 2005] also cited Taylorism in their paper that basically people are lazy and work-shy and stimulation to motivate them comes externally. The authors also cited Hawthorn findings that people are motivate to work well for its own sake, as well as for the social and monetary benefits they received, and this is internally stimulated [Bassett-Jones, et. al, 2005]. In this paper will also use these two findings as based to study further to conclude its findings. Many theorists had been cited by Bassett-Jones in her paper such as McClelland, Locke, Vroom, and Alderfer. Unfortunately, this paper will omit their findings due to the constrained of this paper and its scopes. This paper will use some of Peter and Waterman (1982) work on empowerment and team work as part of the proof of this paper. Bassett-Jones (2005) cited that expectancy theory as well as equity, goal setting and reinforcement resulted in the development of a simple model of motivation al ignment [Locke, 1978]. Important suggestions that once identified and objectives are defined, rewards can be determined next to both serve the organization objectives and satisfied employees [Bassett-Jones et. al, 2005]. On the other hand Herzberg axiom stated that inadequate financial reward can demotivate and money [Behling et. al, 1968] is yet another hygiene factor that could cause dissatisfaction [Herzberg et. al, 1959]. To stress this point further, Herzberg (1959) stated that an improvement in one or more of a range of factors including pay, supervision and prospects for promotion would result in a move towards increased satisfaction, whilst a deterioration would prompt a move in the opposite direction; dissatisfaction was a result of an absence of factors giving rise to satisfaction [Bassett-Jones et. al, 2005]. Sense of achievement, recognition and work itself will be the key focus. Bassett-Jones (2005) wrote that Herzberg suggested that motivation is like self-charging battery and that employees become motivated themselves. Energy or desire must come from within and that motivation, by Herzberg definition, is internally generated not externally stimulated by incentives [Prendergast, 2002]. Most importantly the statement suggested that individuals do not require incremental incentives to drive the internal engine [Prendergast, 2002]. Critical success factors came from and integration of training, appraisal system, promotion and redundancy policies [Bassett-Jones et. al, 2005]. Bassett-Jones (2005) paper concluded that with Herzberg research result, whilst repetition produces frustration and alienation, it can also induce insight and understanding. These results from the research can used to curve the retention and skill dilution and use to improve morale and increase employee voice in the organization. The authors also cited the economy factors as well as socio-psychological perspective to human relations on cultural based and should be understood by management and unfortunately cannot be shared with the people at the bottom of the organization hierarchy [Bassett-Jones et. al, 2005]. This paper also demonstrated that motivators associated with intrinsic drivers outweigh movers linked to financial inducement. Finally the question is raised that whether employee need for recognition has become a hygiene factor in the contemporary employment contest? [Bassett-Jones et. al, 2005] Authors answer is while some inducements can move some employees to contribute id eas; the numbers involved are significantly less than those who are motivated by a desire to overcome frustration and contribute to organizational success. The organization needs to aspire to generate high commitment culture is likely to prove elusive without Taylorist paradigm persistence. In addition, systems and processes that enable employees to work together to define problems and overcome frustrations will resulted in great organization [Bassett-Jones et. al, 2005]. Independent Variable The independent in this study is Motivation. Motivation, as described by Robbins and Judge (2009), is The process that account for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. To use this description in this study for small, multinational firms conducting businesses in Thailand where the organisational structures are quite flat, virtually no room for vertical promotion upward for employees. So to apply motivation by asking the employees to climb the corporate ladders is out of the equation entirely. The study will turn the focus upon an individual intensity of how to focus the individual is about his or her career direction. The persistence to stay with the objectives to attain the set goal will also be part of the study to find the motivation factors [Locke, 1978]. Dependent variables The work itself and the effectiveness of the workplace will be the dependent variables study toward the conclusion of this study based on the theory related to the study, what motivation technique the author may suggest for management to use in their firms. The effectiveness of work itself can be further compare the effectiveness within the group or individual (Robbins and Judge, 2009). What criteria used to define the level of the effectiveness in the workplace? Based upon effectiveness in a group, certain decision must be made. Obvious decision made would be group decision, the following question is that how could we gauge it accuracy in the decision made by the group. Would it lead to successfully completing the tasks on hand? To be effective, should the group be focus more on faster respond to any changes in the environment would this in itself one of the motivation factors? Would an individual decision making in the small firm studied be widely used instead of group decision? F urther, would group decision lead to creativity, perhaps yes since there are many others with ideas and if goals of organization are the ultimate goal [Locke, 1978]. With these dependents in mind, the study can draw a final framework based on the suggestions and nature of the findings based on the study. The main question that will be focus upon still be the question that what are the motivation factors of the people in the low hierarchical organization? Any attempts made by the management to help motivate their people? The findings hopefully will benefits some of these questions. If they chose to implement them, are there other effective tools or methods to use, perhaps. Would similar structure type organization would benefits from this endeavor, may be. Theory related to Independent Variable There are many theories of Motivation; the author will focus using the Herzberg Motivation Theory and will also mention the Hygiene factors that may cause the dissatisfaction in the job itself, hence lead to employee dissatisfaction or de-motivation (Herzberg et. al, 1959) factors as the base theory to study this subject firm of a small retail market audit in Thailand. Figure 1. Based on Employee Satisfaction Survey (ESS), questionnaires will be designed based generally on this with a major focus to tailor to try to answer the question about motivation in such environment with the requirement in these firms. Factors mentioned in Herzbergs will be tailored to be the major part of the questionnaires; factors such as Company Policy, Supervision, work conditions [Stead, 1972], salary [Behling et. al, 1968], relationship with Boss [Brown, 1976] and peers alike are the key focus areas that the survey questionnaires were designed to focus on these factors. This by far represent only one side of the concepts by Herzberg, others such as Job Satisfactions, Recognition, Achievement, Advancement, Responsibility and job itself will also be tailored in the questionnaires. That raised yet another question, that for companies this size, would this be the motivation factors are used correctly or incorrectly used, do they become the de-motivation factors? Discussion of Dependent Variable Another part of the questionnaires touch base on work conditions, the salary of the employees in these firms, again are they motivation factors, purely, or could it become the opposite factors that drive down moral among the employees. From the results, are relationships with coworkers and the involvement of the manager or senior managers important? Do employees appreciate this [Brown, 1976]? The job itself is the motivation factors? The survey will be touched upon job stimulation and challenging in many areas. Are achievements and recognition for the job well done is the key motivators? Is job quality among the employees frame of minds? Relationship of the Independent variable to the Dependent variables The relationships between the both the Hygiene factors and the Motivation factors can be summed up as correlated [Brenner et. al, 1971]. The hygiene factors such as work conditions [Stead, 1972], salary [Behling et. al, 1968] if not implemented carefully, and then these factors will become hinder to keep employees motivated. The relationship with the peers and the immediate supervisor are they in the acceptable range [Brown, 1976]? Would the educational backgrounds make them closer in the workplace, hence it is one of the factors? Methods to use in this study The questionnaires were designed to cover many areas such as job satisfaction, compensation, recognition, participation, management, relationship, working environment, the quality of work as the key indicators also on how engage the employees are with the organisation. The questionnaires will be sending via emails to the individual employees once the permission letters have to be approved by the firms. For those firms that contain field personnel which sometimes do not have access to computers or email accounts while on the roads, paper forms of questionnaires will be used in lieu of electronics email. The survey questions will base on the Likert system. In the questions about personal growth or invert looking of the employees, Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree and Strongly Disagree will be used to tally the results. Good, Average, Poor and Very Poor will be used in questions about the environment. Questions pertaining to employee engagement will also be used. Do they think th e company treating them right? Would they leave the organisation the first chance they get? Engagement also referred to how the organisation treats its employees. Does it care about basic conditions [Stead, 1972] of the organisation; is it too hot or too cold. Do people get a chance to participated in the decision making process? This aims to measure the retention and the measure if some of the motivation factors are being applied. As mentioned, the questionnaire will be distributed via email to all employees providing that they have access to email. If not hard copies will be used. The employee has about two weeks to complete the questionnaires. The questionnaires are in the Thai language as well as the English language. Once the employees fill the questionnaires in which by the way was design based on the Likert system of scales. With the size of the organisation, the study would expect 100% respond. When the tally is completed the results will be group into each category based on the responses. Approximately 250 responds will be expected and the Regression method of SPSS will be used to determine the results. Results will be representing in Microsoft Powerpoint format for ease of understanding. The presentation file then will be given to the senior manager in charge and actions to be taken discuss. Results- summary of the data to be collected 100% respond is expected since there are small numbers of firms chose and at the same time a small number of employees in each firm. However, the numbers expected in this study should not go below 200 responses to be conclusive to the findings. The data tallied will go through the process of regression analysis to conclude the findings and the final information prepare and present in Microsoft Powerpoint format. Hypotheses H1 Money is a key motivator One of the assumption or Hypothesis is: for the low hierarchical or flat organisational structure the money [Behling et. al, 1968] would be the key motivator H1. Herzberg (1959) in his theory about the money alone does not motivate [Herzberg et. al, 1959]. Would this study prove otherwise? H2 Is Job itself a motivator? Job satisfaction in doing a good quality job itself is self-fulfilling? H3 Advancement, personal achievement a key motivator Career and Training requirement from the employees as well as Responsibility especially in the Authority for decision making, are these key motivation factors. Discussion The working environment is also important. Per Herzbergs (1959) theory, if not implemented correctly, the working environmental would become an issue as a Hygiene factor, hence demotivate the employee or at least caused the level dissatisfaction to rise [Brenner et. al, 1971]. In the small group of people, the relationship in the work place ranked high. Is this due to fact that the majority of the employees are in the same age group and mostly male dominated workplace environment with similar educational background contribute to this fact? Support between divisions and strong working relationship are they have been established? Compensation and other benefits such as bonus have taken any part [Blakemore et. al, 1987]? Usually, bonus for these firms is being given at the end of the year. The fact that most bonuses are profit based, the amount of bonus pool depends on the firm performance for the entire year. Would the motivation factors link to the end results at year end? Further to the amount given to the individual also based upon the results of the Performance Appraisal that is being done twice a year. Department goals and company vision take part in clarity for employees of not? This would indicate that the employers have fulfil their part in the company or division objectives and willing to ensure its success [Locke, 1978]. Conceptual Framework The frame work or this study based it finding on the Employee Satisfaction Survey of a small size of multinational companies conducting businesses in Thailand where the number of employees is approximately 50 people each and 5 of these companies will be chosen. Approximately 250 responses are expected. Once the survey is done, data will be collected and tally for concluding the findings. The question asked will be at any given time what motivates people in a flat or low hierarchical organisation structure in Thailand will be the focal point. The results from the survey will be shared with the management of the firms to help improve the firms. This study can also be used to further study on key factors that employees seek as motivation themselves. Also based on Herzbergs findings and also to view the survey results, this study will also view this from Taylorism point of view in an attempt to conclude its findings. Figure 2. Conclusion To conclude what are the motivation factors in the low hierarchical organization in Thailand, the study need to establish that the firms meet the criteria. Criteria such as small size, no more than 50 employees, multinational organization conducting business in Thailand, three levels of hierarchy within the organization functioning for five years. These are some the requirements. Also the facts that firms chosen have fulfilled their own clarity requirement to their employees are essentials. Even though bonuses for each individual are substantial and should be taken in to consideration as part of the monetary compensation, these facts remain the unknown factors due to the nature of the monetary compensation cannot not be revealed by the firms management [Prendergast, 2002]. Is it doing a good job that what motivate the employees? Does stimulation come from the job nature, this is the question posted. Is a chance to help make a decision a motivation factors? This motivation factor need s further consideration since the company is run by management and by its nature; it cannot afford to be democratic. The closeness in working relationship [Brown, 1976], is it also a factor? The findings in this study hopefully will answer these questions. Aforementioned, if the findings will help the management in the selected firms benefits from its findings, the study will be proven most successful. Further, if the findings can somehow finds its way to help other similar organization, this would be the ultimate achievement. References Bassett-Jones, Nigel and Lloyd, Geoffrey C., Does Herzbergs motivation theory have staying power?, Journal of Management Development, 2005, Vol. 24, No. 10, pp. 929-943 Behling, Orlando, Lobovitz, George, Kosmo, Richard The Herzberg Controversy: A Critical Reappraisal, The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 11, No. 1 (Mar., 1968), pp. 99-108 Blakemore, E., Low, Stuart A. Ormiston, Michael B., Employment Bonuses and Labor Turnover, Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 5, No. 4, Part 2: The New Economics of Personnel (Oct., 1987), pp. S124-S135 Brenner, Vincent C., Carmack, Claude W., Weinstein, Mark G.,An Empirical Test of the Motivation-Hygiene Theory, Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 9, No. 2 (Autumn, 1971), pp. 359-366 Brown, Matha A., Values A Necessary but Neglected Ingredient of Motivation on the Job, The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 1, No. 4 (Oct., 1976), pp. 15-23 Herzberg, F.I. 1987, One more time: How do you motivate employees?, Harvard Business Review, Sep/Oct87, Vol. 65 Issue 5, p109-120 Herzberg, F., Mausner, B. and Snyderman, B. (1959) The Motivation to Work, New York: John Wiley and Sons, Locke, Edwin A., The Ubiquity of the Technique of Goal Setting in Theories of and Approaches to Employee Motivation, The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 3, No. 3 (Jul., 1978), pp. 594-601 Prendergast, Canice, Uncertainty and Incentives, Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 20, No. 2, Part 2: Compensation Strategy and Design (Apr., 2002), pp. S115-S137 Stead, Bette A., Berlos Communication Process Model as Applied to the Behavioral Theories of Maslow, Herzberg, and McGregor, The

The change in enthalpy for the combustion of magnesium metal Essay exam

The change in enthalpy for the combustion of magnesium metal Abstract ======== Hess’s law of heat summation states that the value of DH for a reaction is the same whether it occurs directly or as a series of steps. This principle was used to determine the change in enthalpy for a highly exothermic reaction, the combustion of magnesium metal. Enthalpy changes for the reactions of Mg in HCl (aq) and MgO (s) in HCl (aq) were determined experimentally, then added to that for the combustion of hydrogen gas to arrive at a value of –587 kJ/mol Mg. Compared with the accepted value of –601.8 kJ/mol Mg, our experimental error was 2.46%. Introduction In this investigation the change in enthalpy will be determined from the following equation: 2Mg + O2  ® 2MgO, but in an indirect manner. Magnesium metal burns with a bright extremely hot flame to produce magnesium oxide. It would be difficult to measure the heat of the reaction since the reaction is rapid and occurs at a high temperature (LeMay et al, 1996). So, to determine the change in enthalpy we will employ Hess’s Law of heat summation: It states that the value of DH for a reaction is the same whether it occurs directly or as a series of steps (LeMay et al, 1996). We will perform the two following reactions: Mg + 2HCl  ® MgCl2 + H2 and MgO + 2HCl  ® MgCl2 + H2O, determine their enthalpy changes (DHs), and they will then be â€Å"added† to that of a given equation, the combustion of water, H2 + 1/2 O2  ® H2O DH=-285.5 kJ/mol. In this investigation we will be working with potentially dangerous chemicals and safety precautions must be made. Magnesium oxide is a respiratory and eye irritant, the dust must not be inhaled and all work with MgO should be conducted in the fume hood ( Cartwright,... ...te, only having a 2.46% error. These errors may be accounted for by inaccurate measurements, mathematical mistakes, incomplete reactions, poor heat collection, incorrect recording of data, and poorly calibrated tools. To avoid such error one should label all materials, check each tool before use, take extra care in reading and recording of measurements, double check all calculations, and most of all be patient, labs take time and a rushed procedure leads to inaccurate data and incorrect analysis. Sources Cited Cartwright, H.(last revised 2002, November 5). Chemical and other Safety Information. The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University. [online]. (accessed 2002, December, 4) LeMay, H.E.,Beall, H., Roblee, K.M., and Brower, D.C. (1996).Chemistry: Connections to our changing world, Laboratory Manual. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. The change in enthalpy for the combustion of magnesium metal Essay exam The change in enthalpy for the combustion of magnesium metal Abstract ======== Hess’s law of heat summation states that the value of DH for a reaction is the same whether it occurs directly or as a series of steps. This principle was used to determine the change in enthalpy for a highly exothermic reaction, the combustion of magnesium metal. Enthalpy changes for the reactions of Mg in HCl (aq) and MgO (s) in HCl (aq) were determined experimentally, then added to that for the combustion of hydrogen gas to arrive at a value of –587 kJ/mol Mg. Compared with the accepted value of –601.8 kJ/mol Mg, our experimental error was 2.46%. Introduction In this investigation the change in enthalpy will be determined from the following equation: 2Mg + O2  ® 2MgO, but in an indirect manner. Magnesium metal burns with a bright extremely hot flame to produce magnesium oxide. It would be difficult to measure the heat of the reaction since the reaction is rapid and occurs at a high temperature (LeMay et al, 1996). So, to determine the change in enthalpy we will employ Hess’s Law of heat summation: It states that the value of DH for a reaction is the same whether it occurs directly or as a series of steps (LeMay et al, 1996). We will perform the two following reactions: Mg + 2HCl  ® MgCl2 + H2 and MgO + 2HCl  ® MgCl2 + H2O, determine their enthalpy changes (DHs), and they will then be â€Å"added† to that of a given equation, the combustion of water, H2 + 1/2 O2  ® H2O DH=-285.5 kJ/mol. In this investigation we will be working with potentially dangerous chemicals and safety precautions must be made. Magnesium oxide is a respiratory and eye irritant, the dust must not be inhaled and all work with MgO should be conducted in the fume hood ( Cartwright,... ...te, only having a 2.46% error. These errors may be accounted for by inaccurate measurements, mathematical mistakes, incomplete reactions, poor heat collection, incorrect recording of data, and poorly calibrated tools. To avoid such error one should label all materials, check each tool before use, take extra care in reading and recording of measurements, double check all calculations, and most of all be patient, labs take time and a rushed procedure leads to inaccurate data and incorrect analysis. Sources Cited Cartwright, H.(last revised 2002, November 5). Chemical and other Safety Information. The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University. [online]. (accessed 2002, December, 4) LeMay, H.E.,Beall, H., Roblee, K.M., and Brower, D.C. (1996).Chemistry: Connections to our changing world, Laboratory Manual. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.